Rivers, Kings and Fire
The surviving record of 1089 is unusually vivid but far from complete. Irish annalists noted...
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Spotted Hyaena at Castlepook
A Modern Year in Deep Time “31,941 BCE” is a modern chronological label, not a...
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A Northern Reckoning
The surviving chronicles make 1078 unusually visible in northern Ireland. They record no single invasion...
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Fleets and Rival Kings
Irish politics in 1154 was dominated by the struggle between two formidable rulers: Toirdelbach Ua...
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Castlepook Cave Fauna
32,000 BCE is a modern chronological label, not a date that can be matched to...
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Lordship And Frontiers
In 1215 Ireland was not a single state governed evenly from one centre. King John...
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Battle of Sliabh gCrot
The surviving Irish annals make 1058 unusually visible for an eleventh-century year. They record a...
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Castlepook’s Mammoth Fauna
31,986 BCE cannot be treated as a date in the ordinary historical sense. No written...
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Awbeg Limestone Fauna
“31,865 BCE” is a useful modern filing label, not a date at which Ireland can...
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Elephant Hall Bone Sands
The label 31,912 BCE conveys a precision that the evidence cannot sustain. No community in...
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