Crown, Church and Cattle
In 1206 Ireland was not a single political unit but a patchwork of Gaelic kingdoms,...
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Snow, Hostages and Reform
Ireland in 1105 was dominated by the contest between Muirchertach Ua Briain, king of Munster...
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Elephant Hall’s Bone Archive
The label “31,885 BCE” should not be mistaken for a dated Irish event. No written...
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Clontarf And Aftermath
For Ireland, 1014 is dominated by one firmly dated event: the Battle of Clontarf, fought...
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Raiders on the Shannon
The surviving chronicles make 1065 appear as a year of swift raids, disputed kingships and...
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Relics and Rival Kings
The surviving record of this year is brief but unusually vivid. Irish annalists noted a...
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Bridges and Broken Peace
The year is unusually well illuminated by Irish annals, though their accounts do not always...
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A Frontier Widens
In 1177 the struggle for Ireland entered a new phase. The Anglo-Norman footholds established since...
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Ruth Carden’s Reassessment
The label 31,954 BCE cannot identify a recorded Irish year, an event, a ruler or...
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Marine Isotope Stage Three
“31,972 BCE” is a useful modern label, not a date that people or landscapes in...
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