Peace and Conquest
In 1175 Ireland stood between conquest and compromise. Six years had passed since the first...
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Derryvree’s Periglacial Waters
The number 31,904 BCE is useful as a point of orientation, but it cannot describe...
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Derryvree’s Arctic Lake
The label 31,895 BCE is useful only as a modern point of reference. It cannot...
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Doneraile’s Reindeer Ledger
The label 31,835 BCE is a modern chronological convenience, not a date that anyone in...
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A King on Campaign
The surviving annals portray 1126 as a year of exceptional royal movement, regional warfare and...
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Hugh de Lacy’s Death
Ireland in 1186 was neither conquered nor politically united. Seventeen years after the first Anglo-Norman...
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Rival Kings and Raids
Ireland in 1055 had no uncontested high-king. Power rested with provincial rulers, lesser kings, dynastic...
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Power in Transition
Ireland entered 1117 amid political fragmentation, dynastic rivalry and the after-effects of a severe crisis...
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Henry II’s Dublin Court
In 1172 Ireland stood at the centre of a political experiment whose consequences were not...
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Donnchad Submits to Diarmait
The surviving record for 1060 is not a continuous national narrative. Irish annalists selected deaths,...
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