The article highlights the uneasy coexistence of treaty-based protection and coercive state-building after the Williamite war. Claims under the Treaty of Limerick were delayed and scrutinised, while Catholic priests and families connected to suspected fighters faced surveillance; meanwhile Protestant veterans and Huguenot refugees were incorporated into the order. Sarsfield’s death at Landen suggests that Ireland’s conflict continued beyond its shores, through exile, military service and rivalry. This combination complicates any distinction between peace and war. How should we interpret 1693: chiefly as a domestic settlement, a continuation of conflict by administrative means, or an Irish dimension of a European war?