Fire and Retribution
The surviving record of 1069 is unusually vivid but uneven. Irish annalists noted deaths among...
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A Shattered Kingship
The Ireland visible in the annals for 1024 was not a quiet island recovering neatly...
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Donnchad Submits to Diarmait
The surviving record for 1060 is not a continuous national narrative. Irish annalists selected deaths,...
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Castlepook Reindeer Cut Mark
31,984 BCE is not a date at which Ireland can be assigned a recorded event....
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Derryvree’s Frostbound Pool
31,844 BCE is not a date at which Ireland can be assigned an event, a...
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A Precarious Foothold
In 1211, the English crown’s position in Ireland looked formidable on paper but uncertain on...
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Adrian IV’s Laudabiliter
Ireland in 1155 was governed not as a single, centrally administered realm but through a...
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The Silent Reindeer Femur
The label “31,822 BCE” can only be used here as a modern way of locating...
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Reindeer Butchery at Castlepook
The label 31,981 BCE is useful for filing an Irish past that has no written...
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Castlepook Reindeer Toolmarks
“31,964 BCE” is a useful modern label, not a date that people living in prehistoric...
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