Adrian IV’s Laudabiliter
Archived: 26 September 2026
In 1155, Ireland’s competing overkings, Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair and Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, struggled for influence through Meath, hostages, cattle raids and control of Shannon crossings. Following Maelsechlainn Ua Mael Sechlainn’s death, Mac Lochlainn installed Donnchad, who was deposed by Meathmen. Campaigns destroyed bridges and fortifications, while captives, oaths and restitution shaped alliances. Fires affected major ecclesiastical settlements amid continuing church reform and construction. Rural life depended on farming, livestock and lordly obligations, while coastal towns traded. Henry II considered, but abandoned, an Irish expedition. Laudabiliter’s disputed papal authority later furnished arguments supporting English conquest, although no intervention occurred until 1169.