Archive: Gwendoline Cave

31980–31971 BCE

Before the Ice Sheet

Derryvree Ice-Free Interval

The nearest particularly informative sequence lies at Derryvree, near Maguiresbridge in County Fermanagh. Road works exposed freshwater silts and fine sands later buried beneath glacial deposits. Organic material from the deposit produced a radiocarbon age of about 30,500 radiocarbon years before present; when calibrated, the published range is approximately 36,900–31,700 calendar years before present. The nominal year 31,976 BCE lies within that broad interval. It is not possible to say that the deposit formed in that exact year, but it is responsible to regard it as evidence for conditions in northern inland Ireland at roughly this time.

31990–31981 BCE

Before the Ice Sheet

Castlepook’s Mammoth Fauna

The phrase “around 31,986 BCE” should be read as a broad chronological marker, not as an anniversary. Archaeologists normally employ radiocarbon years, calibrated calendar ranges, uranium-series dates and other scientific chronologies. Their time-scales have different reference points and uncertainties. The conversion to a numbered BCE year may be useful for a year-by-year series, but it creates an illusion of precision that the record cannot sustain.