Pallia and Partitions
Two assemblies defined Ireland in 1152. One gathered churchmen to settle the island’s ecclesiastical order;...
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Hugh de Lacy’s Death
Ireland in 1186 was neither conquered nor politically united. Seventeen years after the first Anglo-Norman...
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Midlandian Glacial Stage
“31,928 BCE” is a modern chronological label, not a year for which Ireland has an...
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Carden’s Reindeer Femur
The label 31,953 BCE is a modern chronological convenience, not a year that anyone in...
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Murchad’s Defeat at Durrow
The surviving Irish chronicles present 1059 as a year of raids, dynastic killings and political...
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Castlepook Faunal Assemblage
The label 31,967 BCE is useful for ordering a long chronology, but it cannot describe...
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Ruaidrí’s Meath Intervention
Ireland entered 1160 in the aftermath of a major struggle for supremacy. Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn,...
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Fire and Fragmented Power
Ireland in 1108 was not a single kingdom governed from one centre. It was a...
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Sitriuc Blinds Braen
Four years after the battle of Clontarf, Ireland in 1018 was not a country at...
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Elephant Hall’s Mammoth Bone
The label 31,905 BCE offers a misleading degree of precision. No Irish written record, annually...
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