Cathal Carrach Restored
In 1200, Ireland was not a single political unit governed from one capital. The island...
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Ice-Age Ireland
The label 31,971 BCE creates an impression of precision that the evidence cannot sustain. Nobody...
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Castlepook Reindeer Incision
The label 31,974 BCE is a modern way of placing a very remote point in...
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Famine and Fracture
Ireland entered 1116 under severe strain. A prolonged crisis within the Uí Briain dynasty had...
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A Frontier Widens
In 1177 the struggle for Ireland entered a new phase. The Anglo-Norman footholds established since...
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Hostages and Burned Churches
Ireland in 1049 was a country without a single uncontested ruler. Its provincial kings and...
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War Across the Shannon
The surviving annals make 1132 one of the more vividly recorded years of Ireland’s early...
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Hostages And Kings
A Millennium in the Annals Ireland entered 1000 in the aftermath of a major military...
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Ports and Power
In 1170 the struggle for Leinster became a contest over Ireland’s principal eastern ports and,...
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Contest for Connacht
In 1203, Ireland’s political map was neither simply Gaelic nor simply Anglo-Norman. Kings, provincial dynasties,...
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