Gofraid Expelled from Dublin
The year was a turning point in the recovery of Muirchertach Ua Briain, king of...
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Crown, Church and Cattle
In 1206 Ireland was not a single political unit but a patchwork of Gaelic kingdoms,...
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Murder of Conchobar Máenmaige
In 1189, Ireland’s political map was neither newly conquered nor securely divided. Anglo-Norman lordships held...
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Fire and Fragmented Power
Ireland in 1108 was not a single kingdom governed from one centre. It was a...
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Synod of Ráith Bressail
Ireland in 1111 was neither a unified kingdom nor an isolated collection of local communities....
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Ireland Before Settlement
“31,993 BCE” is a modern calendar label, not a date that can be matched to...
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Mammoth Cave’s Reindeer Passage
“31,821 BCE” is a modern way of labelling a point unimaginably far beyond written history,...
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Clones Castle Burns
In 1212, Ireland was neither a single kingdom nor a country divided simply between ‘Irish’...
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Cave Sediment Chronologies
“31,932 BCE” is a modern calendar label, not a date that can be matched to...
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Hostages and Holy Relics
The surviving chronicles present 1090 as a year of royal bargaining, mobile armies and vulnerable...
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