Fleets and Rival Kings
The title of high-king did not give its holder the administrative control associated with a later centralised monarchy. Authority depended upon military reputation, tribute, hostages and the repeated submission of lesser kings. Toirdelbach had ruled Connacht since 1106 and had transformed it into one of Ireland’s strongest powers, supporting fortifications, fleets and loyal regional rulers. By 1154, however, Mac Lochlainn had become his principal challenger. Based among the Cenél nÉogain, he could mobilise much of northern Ireland and intervene effectively in Mide, Bréifne, Connacht and Dublin.