Castlepook Reindeer Marks
31,998 BCE is not a date that can be matched to a recorded Irish event....
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Castlepook Cave Mammals
The label 31,942 BCE is a modern chronological convenience, not a date that can be...
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Snow, Hostages and Reform
Ireland in 1105 was dominated by the contest between Muirchertach Ua Briain, king of Munster...
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A Kingship Unravels
A Sudden Political Crisis Ireland entered 1114 without a single, uncontested high king. Muirchertach Ua...
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Strongbow’s Death
Ireland entered 1176 under a peace that existed more convincingly on parchment than on the...
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Fortunes of the North
In 1197, the sharpest recorded upheavals in Ireland occurred in the north, where John de...
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Castlepook’s Open Tundra
“31,852 BCE” is a modern numerical label, not a year that can be isolated in...
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Synod of Ráith Bressail
Ireland in 1111 was neither a unified kingdom nor an isolated collection of local communities....
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A Kingship Transferred
Ireland in 1183 was divided among competing Gaelic kingdoms and recently established Anglo-Norman lordships. No...
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Bridges and Primacy
Ireland in 1140 was shaped by two closely connected contests: the struggle of powerful kings...
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