Archive: Permafrost

30950–30941 BCE

Maguiresbridge Under Permafrost

Maguiresbridge Under Permafrost

Derryvree matters because its structure records change. Till is debris deposited directly by glacier ice: a dense, unsorted mixture of clay, stones and larger fragments. At Derryvree, a lower till was followed by freshwater and organic sediments, then by another till. The simplest reading is that glacier ice had occupied the locality, withdrew or ceased to cover it for a time, and was later replaced by renewed ice. This is not evidence for an entirely ice-free Ireland. It is evidence that at least parts of the northern landscape could, during the wider glacial cycle, contain exposed ground, standing or slow-moving water and living ecosystems between episodes of ice advance.

31660–31651 BCE

Derryvree’s Permafrost Garden

Derryvree’s Permafrost Garden

Derryvree was not a wooded version of modern Fermanagh. Pollen, plant macrofossils, mosses and insects indicate open tundra or muskeg: a cold, wet, largely treeless terrain with sedges, grasses, herbs, dwarf shrubs and patches of moss around shallow pools. The term muskeg denotes waterlogged, peat-forming ground with a complex mixture of open water and vegetation. It should not be imagined as a uniform frozen desert. In sheltered hollows there were freshwater habitats and decaying plant matter; across exposed ground, however, vegetation was probably sparse and the growing season short.