Fractured Peace
In 1017 Ireland was living in the unsettled aftermath of Clontarf. Brian Bórama had been...
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War Across the Provinces
Ireland in 1084 was dominated by ambitious overkings, mobile armies and the struggle to turn...
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Frontiers and Fortunes
In 1199 Ireland was neither a single kingdom nor a country wholly controlled from England....
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Rival Kings and Raids
Ireland in 1055 had no uncontested high-king. Power rested with provincial rulers, lesser kings, dynastic...
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Henry Of London’s Return
In 1221, Ireland was neither a single kingdom nor a territory securely ruled from Dublin....
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Castlepook’s Glacial Fauna
31,969 BCE is not a date that can be recovered from the Irish archaeological record...
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Tairdelbach’s Divided Ireland
The surviving record of 1135 is unusually rich in short, vivid notices: fleets on the...
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Hyaena Land at Castlepook
The label 31,810 BCE cannot identify an event in the modern sense. No calendar, written...
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Ruaidrí’s Ascendant Kingship
In 1167 Ireland stood between two transformations. The sudden fall of Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn in...
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IntCal Calibration Curve
“31,943 BCE” is a modern chronological label, not a date at which Irish prehistory can...
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