Royal Power Tested
In 1210 Ireland was the scene of King John’s most forceful personal intervention in the...
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Doneraile’s Reindeer Landscape
The label 31,847 BCE creates a useful point of orientation, but it must not be...
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Fleets, Hostages and Harvest
Ireland in 1130 was dominated by ambitious provincial kings, shifting alliances and military expeditions conducted...
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Castlepook Cave Fauna
32,000 BCE is a modern chronological label, not a date that can be matched to...
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Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair Dies
For Ireland’s ruling dynasties, 1156 was a year of succession, coercion and rapidly changing alliances....
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Ice Age Threshold
Modern calendar-year precision cannot be recovered for 31,997 BCE. The label is a retrospective point...
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The Castlepook Femur
The numerical label 31,924 BCE cannot denote an Irish historical year in the ordinary sense....
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Winter of Rival Kings
In 1115 Ireland was shaken by an exceptional winter, a renewed struggle for Munster and...
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A Kingdom Under Pressure
The surviving record makes 1131 unusually vivid as a year of movement: fleets along the...
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Mammoth Cave Assemblage
31,944 BCE is a modern calendar label, not a date at which archaeology can identify...
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