Southern Irish Raised Beaches
The label 31,952 BCE is a modern chronological convenience, not a year that anyone living...
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Castlepook’s Pleistocene Fauna
“31,990 BCE” is a modern calendar label, not a date at which an Irish event...
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Succession and Pressure
In 1194, Ireland’s political map was neither settled nor neatly divided between “Irish” and “Norman”...
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Fleets, Hostages and Harvest
Ireland in 1130 was dominated by ambitious provincial kings, shifting alliances and military expeditions conducted...
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Adrian IV’s Laudabiliter
Ireland in 1155 was governed not as a single, centrally administered realm but through a...
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Gofraid Expelled from Dublin
The year was a turning point in the recovery of Muirchertach Ua Briain, king of...
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Kingship and Sacred Guarantees
Ireland in 1143 was dominated by the ambitions of Tairdelbach Ua Conchobair, king of Connacht...
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Hostages and Burning
The surviving annals portray 1149 as a year of hard campaigning, hostage-taking and destructive raiding....
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Castlepook’s Wandering Herds
31,888 BCE is not a year to which an Irish event can responsibly be assigned....
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Courtmacsherry Coastal Deposits
“31,940 BCE” is a modern label, not a year that can be recovered from Ireland’s...
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