Hyaena Land, Castlepook
Radiocarbon ages and calendar ages are not interchangeable. A measured radiocarbon result has to be calibrated against curves that account for past fluctuations in atmospheric carbon-14, and the uncertainties become especially important in the deep past. IntCal20 provides a Northern Hemisphere calibration framework back to 55,000 calendar years before present, but it does not turn a cave find into evidence for a particular modern-style year. Accordingly, 31,920 BCE is best used here as a point within a broad chronological neighbourhood, around 34,000 calendar years ago, rather than as a moment at which anyone can be shown to have acted in Ireland.