Wind And Bargains
Ireland in 1222 was neither a single kingdom nor a country governed in one uniform...
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Hyaena Land, Castlepook
The label 31,920 BCE must not be treated as the date of a recorded Irish...
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Carden’s Reindeer Cut Mark
Modern calendar precision cannot be applied responsibly to Ireland in 31,957 BCE. This number is...
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Castlepook Cave Mammals
The label 31,942 BCE is a modern chronological convenience, not a date that can be...
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Ice-Age Ireland
The label 31,971 BCE creates an impression of precision that the evidence cannot sustain. Nobody...
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Alliances and Fractures
Ireland entered 1180 divided among overlapping claims rather than neatly separated realms. Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair...
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Ruaidrí’s Meath Intervention
Ireland entered 1160 in the aftermath of a major struggle for supremacy. Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn,...
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Kings, Relics and Visitors
The surviving records make 1079 unusually revealing for an eleventh-century Irish year. They describe campaigning...
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Crown, Church and Cattle
In 1206 Ireland was not a single political unit but a patchwork of Gaelic kingdoms,...
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Munster Divided
In 1118 the balance of power in Ireland shifted sharply towards Connacht. The decisive developments...
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