Fire and Fragmented Power
Ireland in 1108 was not a single kingdom governed from one centre. It was a...
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Law, Fire and Rivalry
The record of Irish affairs in 1040 is unusually revealing, although still fragmentary. Several annalistic...
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The Doneraile Femur
The label 31,893 BCE creates an appearance of precision that the evidence cannot sustain. No...
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Derryvree’s Tundra Archive
31,989 BCE is not a date at which Ireland can be described year by year...
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Hyaena Hall’s Open Country
The label 31,903 BCE is a modern chronological convenience, not a year that can be...
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Hyaena Land at Castlepook
The label 31,810 BCE cannot identify an event in the modern sense. No calendar, written...
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Ice Before History
A Date Beyond Calendar History 31,975 BCE is a modern way of labelling a point...
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Crag Cave Interstadial
The label 31,949 BCE offers a useful point on a modern chronological scale, but it...
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Diarmait’s Leinster Purge
The Ireland visible in the records for 1141 was not a single state governed through...
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A Lordship Tested
Ireland entered 1185 divided among competing Gaelic kingdoms, expanding Anglo-Norman lordships and coastal towns whose...
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