Marine Isotope Stage Three
“31,972 BCE” is a useful modern label, not a date that people or landscapes in...
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Connacht Reclaimed
In 1202 the most consequential change in Ireland occurred in Connacht, where a dynastic war...
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A Winter Of Succession
The Ireland of 1008 is seen through a narrow but revealing window. The principal Irish...
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Castlepook’s Glacial Fauna
31,969 BCE is not a date that can be recovered from the Irish archaeological record...
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Victory at Thurles
In 1174 the Anglo-Norman foothold in Ireland came close to a serious military crisis. Only...
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Churches, Castles and Conflict
The Ireland recorded in 1164 was politically divided but closely interconnected. Kings competed through hostages,...
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Armies and Intercession
The surviving Irish annals present 1109 as a year of campaigning, hostage-taking, ecclesiastical intervention and...
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Greenagho Ice-Free Deposits
The label 31,946 BCE creates a false impression of precision. No event in Ireland can...
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North Cork’s Single Incision
“31,880 BCE” is a modern label, not a date that anyone living in prehistoric Ireland...
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Adrian IV’s Laudabiliter
Ireland in 1155 was governed not as a single, centrally administered realm but through a...
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