Hyaena Land at Castlepook

At the Edge of Expansion

The British-Irish Ice Sheet was developing unevenly across the region. Some Irish landscapes remained open and biologically active while other areas experienced stronger glacial influence.

Evidence and Caution

Later ice removed or buried much earlier material, so this period must be reconstructed from scattered sites and broad dating ranges rather than exact annual records.

Primary Sources

Research draws on BRITICE-CHRONO, Derryvree studies, Castlepook research, National Museum collections and radiocarbon calibration evidence.