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c.1190s

c.1190s

The 1190s section gathers all articles and images assigned to this period within Emerald Archives. Together, these records show how developments within Limerick interacted with political, economic, social and cultural changes across Ireland and the wider world. They reveal how public decisions, employment, transport, trade, conflict, migration, technology, religion and changing customs reached ordinary homes and communities. Some evidence records major events, while other material preserves quieter details of streets, workplaces and family life. As additional records are published and classified, this decade will expand automatically, providing a fuller picture of Limerick experience during these important years for future visitors.

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1190 10 items

Castle Time

Castle Time

Image 16 July 2026

Castlegarde Castle, near Cappamore in County Limerick, is regarded as Ireland’s oldest continuously inhabited castle. Established by the O’Brien family around 1190, its five-storey medieval tower rises from a limestone outcrop, strengthening its defensive position. Original features include an internal well and a murder hole above the entrance passage. In 1820, Waller O’Grady commissioned architects James and George Pain to add a castellated Gothic extension, harmonised with the ancient keep. A carved head of Brian Boru overlooks the entrance, while three unusual stone figures representing Bacchus, Pallas Athene and Aphrodite survive within the gatehouse. Today, it remains a private residence.

View Image
Castle Time

Castle Time

Image 16 July 2026

Castlegarde Castle, near Cappamore in County Limerick, is regarded as Ireland’s oldest continuously inhabited castle. Established by the O’Brien family around 1190, its five-storey medieval tower rises from a limestone outcrop, strengthening its defensive position. Original features include an internal well and a murder hole above the entrance passage. In 1820, Waller O’Grady commissioned architects James and George Pain to add a castellated Gothic extension, harmonised with the ancient keep. A carved head of Brian Boru overlooks the entrance, while three unusual stone figures representing Bacchus, Pallas Athene and Aphrodite survive within the gatehouse. Today, it remains a private residence.

View Image
Castle Time

Castle Time

Image 16 July 2026

Castlegarde Castle, near Cappamore in County Limerick, is regarded as Ireland’s oldest continuously inhabited castle. Established by the O’Brien family around 1190, its five-storey medieval tower rises from a limestone outcrop, strengthening its defensive position. Original features include an internal well and a murder hole above the entrance passage. In 1820, Waller O’Grady commissioned architects James and George Pain to add a castellated Gothic extension, harmonised with the ancient keep. A carved head of Brian Boru overlooks the entrance, while three unusual stone figures representing Bacchus, Pallas Athene and Aphrodite survive within the gatehouse. Today, it remains a private residence.

View Image
Castle Time

Castle Time

Image 16 July 2026

Castlegarde Castle, near Cappamore in County Limerick, is regarded as Ireland’s oldest continuously inhabited castle. Established by the O’Brien family around 1190, its five-storey medieval tower rises from a limestone outcrop, strengthening its defensive position. Original features include an internal well and a murder hole above the entrance passage. In 1820, Waller O’Grady commissioned architects James and George Pain to add a castellated Gothic extension, harmonised with the ancient keep. A carved head of Brian Boru overlooks the entrance, while three unusual stone figures representing Bacchus, Pallas Athene and Aphrodite survive within the gatehouse. Today, it remains a private residence.

View Image
Castle Time

Castle Time

Image 16 July 2026

Castlegarde Castle, near Cappamore in County Limerick, is regarded as Ireland’s oldest continuously inhabited castle. Established by the O’Brien family around 1190, its five-storey medieval tower rises from a limestone outcrop, strengthening its defensive position. Original features include an internal well and a murder hole above the entrance passage. In 1820, Waller O’Grady commissioned architects James and George Pain to add a castellated Gothic extension, harmonised with the ancient keep. A carved head of Brian Boru overlooks the entrance, while three unusual stone figures representing Bacchus, Pallas Athene and Aphrodite survive within the gatehouse. Today, it remains a private residence.

View Image
Castle Time

Castle Time

Image 16 July 2026

Castlegarde Castle, near Cappamore in County Limerick, is regarded as Ireland’s oldest continuously inhabited castle. Established by the O’Brien family around 1190, its five-storey medieval tower rises from a limestone outcrop, strengthening its defensive position. Original features include an internal well and a murder hole above the entrance passage. In 1820, Waller O’Grady commissioned architects James and George Pain to add a castellated Gothic extension, harmonised with the ancient keep. A carved head of Brian Boru overlooks the entrance, while three unusual stone figures representing Bacchus, Pallas Athene and Aphrodite survive within the gatehouse. Today, it remains a private residence.

View Image
Castle Time

Castle Time

Image 16 July 2026

Castlegarde Castle, near Cappamore in County Limerick, is regarded as Ireland’s oldest continuously inhabited castle. Established by the O’Brien family around 1190, its five-storey medieval tower rises from a limestone outcrop, strengthening its defensive position. Original features include an internal well and a murder hole above the entrance passage. In 1820, Waller O’Grady commissioned architects James and George Pain to add a castellated Gothic extension, harmonised with the ancient keep. A carved head of Brian Boru overlooks the entrance, while three unusual stone figures representing Bacchus, Pallas Athene and Aphrodite survive within the gatehouse. Today, it remains a private residence.

View Image
Castle Time

Castle Time

Image 16 July 2026

Castlegarde Castle, near Cappamore in County Limerick, is regarded as Ireland’s oldest continuously inhabited castle. Established by the O’Brien family around 1190, its five-storey medieval tower rises from a limestone outcrop, strengthening its defensive position. Original features include an internal well and a murder hole above the entrance passage. In 1820, Waller O’Grady commissioned architects James and George Pain to add a castellated Gothic extension, harmonised with the ancient keep. A carved head of Brian Boru overlooks the entrance, while three unusual stone figures representing Bacchus, Pallas Athene and Aphrodite survive within the gatehouse. Today, it remains a private residence.

View Image
Castle Time

Castle Time

Image 16 July 2026

Castlegarde Castle, near Cappamore in County Limerick, is regarded as Ireland’s oldest continuously inhabited castle. Established by the O’Brien family around 1190, its five-storey medieval tower rises from a limestone outcrop, strengthening its defensive position. Original features include an internal well and a murder hole above the entrance passage. In 1820, Waller O’Grady commissioned architects James and George Pain to add a castellated Gothic extension, harmonised with the ancient keep. A carved head of Brian Boru overlooks the entrance, while three unusual stone figures representing Bacchus, Pallas Athene and Aphrodite survive within the gatehouse. Today, it remains a private residence.

View Image
Castle Time

Castle Time

Image 16 July 2026

Castlegarde Castle, near Cappamore in County Limerick, is regarded as Ireland’s oldest continuously inhabited castle. Established by the O’Brien family around 1190, its five-storey medieval tower rises from a limestone outcrop, strengthening its defensive position. Original features include an internal well and a murder hole above the entrance passage. In 1820, Waller O’Grady commissioned architects James and George Pain to add a castellated Gothic extension, harmonised with the ancient keep. A carved head of Brian Boru overlooks the entrance, while three unusual stone figures representing Bacchus, Pallas Athene and Aphrodite survive within the gatehouse. Today, it remains a private residence.

View Image

1191 0 items

No published items are currently assigned to this period.

1192 0 items

No published items are currently assigned to this period.

1193 0 items

No published items are currently assigned to this period.

1194 0 items

No published items are currently assigned to this period.

1195 0 items

No published items are currently assigned to this period.

1196 0 items

No published items are currently assigned to this period.

1197 0 items

No published items are currently assigned to this period.

1198 0 items

No published items are currently assigned to this period.

1199 0 items

No published items are currently assigned to this period.

Books Supporting the Archive

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Cover of Ashes

Ashes

The Ashes Trilogy, Book One

Ashes begins the story of a group of children growing up in the streets and lanes of Limerick, where poverty and hardship are balanced by humour, imagination and fierce friendship. Their city is more than a setting: it watches, remembers and gives voice to lives often absent from official history. As the children explore their neighbourhood, they encounter family pressures, faith, hunger, danger and the first signs of a changing world. Through their adventures and loyalties, the novel captures the resilience of ordinary people and introduces the characters whose lives will unfold across the three volumes of The Ashes Trilogy.

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Cover of Gurriers

Gurriers

The Ashes Trilogy, Book Two

Gurriers continues the lives of the Limerick children introduced in Ashes as childhood freedom begins to give way to work, responsibility and harsher choices. Their friendships remain strong, but poverty, family expectations, faith and the pressures of growing older test loyalties once taken for granted. The streets and lanes still offer humour, adventure and belonging, yet the wider world increasingly intrudes upon their lives. Through vivid dialogue, memorable characters and the watchful voice of Limerick itself, the novel explores resilience, identity and change while showing how even the closest companions can be drawn towards futures by circumstances beyond their control.

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Cover of Scattered

Scattered

The Ashes Trilogy, Book Three

Scattered concludes The Ashes Trilogy as the friends who once shared Limerick’s streets and lanes face adulthood, work, hunger, faith, family duty and emigration. Time has altered their ambitions, tested their loyalties and carried some beyond the city that formed them. Yet memory continues to bind Louie, Seamus, Joe, Sean, Peter, Tony, Bardy, Maura, Eileen, Nora, Lingo and the mysterious Gleamer. Narrated through the enduring presence of Limerick itself, the novel explores separation, sacrifice and survival while recognising the humour and affection that remain. Together, their scattered lives complete a moving portrait of friendship, community and change across changing generations.

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Cover of Threshold

Threshold

The Troubles Trilogy, Book One

Threshold opens in Belfast in 1968, where the Catholic Devlins and Protestant Morrows confront a city divided by religion, memory and fear. Civil rights marches, police violence, riots and internment transform ordinary streets into dangerous frontiers while political conflict enters homes, workplaces and schools. At the centre are Aileen Devlin and Thomas Morrow, whose relationship challenges the boundaries their families regard as essential to survival. As loyalty hardens into suspicion, both must decide whether inherited allegiance excuses injustice. Through family arguments, upheaval and private courage, the novel explores love, conscience, division and survival during the opening years of the Troubles.

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Cover of Hunger

Hunger

The Troubles Trilogy, Book Two

Hunger is Book Two of The Troubles Trilogy, set in Belfast during the 1980s. Aileen Devlin and Thomas Morrow have built a fragile life across the city’s sectarian divide, but the conflict threatens the home they created for their daughter, Claire. As hunger strikes, the Anglo Irish Agreement and violence reshape Northern Ireland, republican Declan and loyalist Billy exploit fear, grief and vulnerable young men. Against them stand Aileen, Kathleen and Elsie, whose quiet strength keeps their families human. This is a story of love, survival and the courage to place people before causes in a divided society under pressure.

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Cover of Crossing

Crossing

The Troubles Trilogy, Book Three

Crossing concludes The Troubles Trilogy during the decade from 1990 to 2000, as Belfast moves from violence towards negotiation, ceasefires and uncertain peace. The Devlin and Morrow families face political change alongside grief, ageing, divided loyalties and the consequences of choices made across three decades. Relationships once threatened by religious boundaries are tested by memory, mistrust and the fear that compromise may betray the dead. As the peace process gathers momentum, ordinary people must decide whether reconciliation is possible. The trilogy closes with a story of endurance, forgiveness, loss and hope beyond inherited division, proving that peace begins with courage.

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Cover of Severance

Severance

Historical Novel

Severance is a historical novel set in Ballingarry, County Limerick, during Ireland’s struggle for independence. A torn and bloodied dispatch passes through fields, kitchens, lofts and hidden routes, placing everyone who handles it in danger. Michael Enright carries the burden of trust, while Mary, Molly and their neighbours struggle to preserve the message and protect one another. Against them, Captain Edward Harcourt studies every delay, wound and fragment for clues. As loyalty, fear and betrayal tighten around the hidden network, ordinary people must decide what they are willing to risk when history enters their homes and silence itself becomes dangerous.

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Cover of Limerick Generations: 1900 to 1909

Limerick Generations: 1900 to 1909

Limerick Decalogy, Book One

Limerick Generations: 1900 to 1909 opens the decade by documenting a city and county entering the twentieth century amid political debate, commercial activity, poverty, faith and technological change. Month by month, the book connects major Irish developments with local events, institutions, streets and communities. Public meetings, labour, transport, education, sport, business and everyday life reveal how national questions were experienced in Limerick. Historical reports and carefully reconstructed narratives bring forgotten moments and ordinary people into focus. As Book One of Limerick Decalogy, it establishes the foundation for a ten volume journey through one hundred years of local history and memory.

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Cover of Limerick Generations: 1910 to 1919

Limerick Generations: 1910 to 1919

Limerick Decalogy, Book Two

Limerick Generations: 1910 to 1919 traces a decade of political transformation, labour conflict, war, revolution and social change across Limerick city and county. Home Rule, unionist resistance, trade union organisation and the First World War entered streets, farms, schools, workplaces and family life. The Easter Rising, conscription crisis, influenza pandemic and general election altered public loyalties and expectations. The decade culminated in the Limerick Soviet of 1919, when workers challenged military restrictions through organised collective action. As Book Two of Limerick Decalogy, the volume preserves local experiences of hardship, courage, grief, endurance and change during years of intense historic upheaval.

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Restoring History

Emerald Archives preserves, enhances, restores and colourises historic photographs, sometimes presenting fresh angles on familiar scenes. When no suitable public-domain image exists, we create carefully researched AI illustrations for archive articles. We also invite the public to submit photographs for restoration and possible publication, with ownership always remaining entirely theirs.